Waldorfish Blog
What are Waldorf Main Lesson Books Used For?
Q: In Waldorf education, main lesson books are used throughout the grades as part of a student’s educational experience: what are they used for?
(This post is part of a series in which we answer the most common questions we receive in our inbox re: homeschooling, Waldorf curriculum/pedagogy, and whatever else comes our way! Click here to read more from the series!)
A: It is common to hear that Waldorf students “make their own textbooks,” which are called main lesson books. But, this image of “textbook” isn’t quite accurate.
A first grader’s main lesson book page from mathematics- “David Divide” sharing equally!
A Waldorf main lesson book does not show what a student will learn, it shows what a student has learned. The main lesson book is a tangible representation of a student's developmental and artistic growth, serving as a unique account of their educational journey.
They are a living record of the child’s development– they show what they have experienced, mastered and enjoyed!
A main lesson book is slowly built over the course of a block*, one page at a time with the guidance of the educator. Students don't just write in main lesson books; they illustrate, draw, and craft visual representations of the concepts they are learning. They truly are a product of art and academics integrating as one!
*What is a block, exactly? Waldorf education is often organized into blocks, where one subject such as History, Language Arts or Math, is studied each day for about three to four weeks. This structure encourages the student to progressively build up their understanding and mastery of a single subject, and a chance to really focus on and explore the curriculum.
A seventh grader’s geometry main lesson book- notice the customized details!
In the early grades (1-4), main lesson books often emphasize foundational skills. For instance, in mathematics, students may start with the basic concepts of numbers and counting, with corresponding illustrations to reinforce understanding, such as “Prince Plus” to represent the process of addition. In language arts, students may draw letters and images inspired by classic fairy tales, enhancing both writing and artistic skills.
A student’s main lesson book page from the sixth grade Roman History block- a strong border is a wonderful way to frame the page!
As students progress through elementary school, the complexity of their main lesson book entries grows as well, and the students’ individuality is expressed more and more. Science lessons may involve detailed drawings of plant life cycles or experiments, while history lessons might include detailed timelines with illustrations depicting key events.
Here are some examples of main lesson book page ideas across the grades:
A first grader’s drawing of the four processes (multiplication, addition, subtraction, and division) as four little gnomes during a Math block
A fifth grader’s illustration of the stages of a sprouting seed during a Botany block
A seventh grader using a compass and straightedge to recreate Leonardo da Vinci’s “Vitruvian Man” in the Renaissance block
An eighth grader creating a chart to show their observations of different sugar products during their Organic Chemistry block
A fourth grader writing a paragraph about a cuttlefish, to demonstrate their newfound ability to use adjectives and adverbs.
Our own Caitlin Amajor’s fourth grade animal report main lesson book page!
The possibilities are endless when it comes to creating main lesson books - and Waldorf schools, Waldorf educators, at-home educators, homeschooling groups, etc. all have their own methods, standards and approaches to creating them!
Overall, there is no wrong way to create a main lesson book- they are, in the end, a method for the student to actively show their educational journey through artistic and academic expression.
About the Authors
Robyn Beaufoy is Waldorfish’s CEO, and also a course instructor for Simple Season (coming soon!), Waldorf Art for Beginners, and Weekly Art Foundations. You’ll find her intuitive touches and influences throughout everything Waldorfish offers. Robyn has been in the world of education for over 25 years, with an MA in Education and a certification in Waldorf teaching - she also homeschooled both of her children for some of that time. In 2012 Robyn co-founded Waldorfish.com, creating it with the vision of making Waldorf inspired-art and pedagogy more accessible, joyful, and doable for homeschoolers all over the world.
Caitlin Amajor is Waldorfish’s course instructor for Geometry grades 5 & 6, and Botany, as well as our Administrative Assistant. From a young age, Caitlin has been immersed in Waldorf education, attending a Waldorf school from K-8. After receiving a BA in History, Caitlin gained her certification in Waldorf teaching, and spent seven years as a Waldorf class teacher in the upper grades. With a special fondness for watercolor painting and geometry, Caitlin loves bringing Waldorf education to her students all over the world, and seeing their own individuality and style bloom from the curriculum!
Waldorf Fifth Grade Botany: Growing with the Child
A fifth grade child is in a very interesting and important part of their development.
(Exciting news! Our Botany course is now open for enrollment! Click here to learn more!)
Students in this grade aren’t yet middle schoolers, and they also don’t feel as if they belong in the same space as a younger child anymore.
A fifth grader still has a sense of childlike wonder and imagination, but they are also beginning to gain interest in the more “realistic” world around them.
An educator’s chalk drawing of a dandelion, which is often studied in the first Botany block of the year.
I remember seeing my fifth graders out at recess near the beginning of the school year. They loved to play; skipping, laughing, playing “kitchen” with leaves and pine cones, searching for fairies in the garden.
At the end of the year, it was different. The students played more sports, especially with the older grade students , talked together in more private spaces, and complained about being “bored” (which always made me smile a little, what a teenager-y thing to say!)
This transition is bittersweet, but it is an important one.
I’ve found these two images to be helpful when thinking about a fifth grade child:
In one sense, they are coming down from the sky; the moon, the sun, stars and clouds, and finding their footing on earth. They are finding where they stand, and will work on finding a solid, confident footing throughout their pre-adolescent and teenage years (and beyond).
From trees, to plants and flowers, the Botany curriculum is vast and varied.
In a very real sense, the fifth grader is growing up, as if they were a seed breaking through the ground and beginning to sprout. In their younger years, a student is in the warm, safe care of their surroundings; they are being held, their potential still contained. But in this transitional year, they begin to sprout, grow, and stand on their own.
So, where does the curriculum come into this? (You knew we were going to tie this into the curriculum!) Among other subjects, we have one of the most important subjects of the year: Botany.
How does a seed grow to meet its fullest potential? What must it rely on to develop and grow? What happens when its needs aren’t met? What is its purpose, and how does it contribute to the health and well being of others in this world? What does it give, what does it take?
It may be hard to believe at first glance, but the botany curriculum really does ask and answer many (if not all) of these big questions in a subtle, yet impactful way, and the material grows with the child in a meaningful and purposeful way.
Let’s start at the beginning…
Traditionally, there are two botany blocks in the fifth grade, one in the fall and one in the spring (though of course, this varies from place to place).
Growth and change- a continuous theme through the Waldorf Botany blocks!
The first block begins in a soft, slow fashion. It is magical, and has a feel of mystery and wonder to it. Imagine a forest in a fairytale; one might find bright lichens clinging to the side of a shady tree, soft mosses where the princess rests, and algae that paints the running river with bright greens and blues. The teacher uses poetry, stories, and asks the students to use their senses as they study these special plants and fungi.
As the fifth grader is still in a more childlike and imaginative place, this first block meets them perfectly where they are in their development. Lichens and mosses rely on others, such as a sturdy tree trunk, to thrive and grow; just as the fifth grader is still more comfortable in the safe embrace of their imaginations and guidance of others.
The second botany block, usually done a few months later, shifts significantly in how the curriculum is presented, and what it includes. Trees and flowers are the main subjects studied, but in far more scientific detail than before.
Trees are now categorized into monocots and dicots by observing their different structures and characteristics; flowers are celebrated for their beauty, and also dissected carefully to identify their many parts, such as the petals, stigma, pistil, and more. The plants studied in this second block are far more independent in how they function, and have many individual features that make them unique and special in the vast plant world.
Botany main lesson book pages are an opportunity for students to show their own style, and illustrate what they’ve learned!
This is the developing fifth grader: ready to exercise more independence, beginning to discover themselves as individuals, and ready to enter a more realistic world.
As with all things in Waldorf education, the botany curriculum plays an important role in mirroring the development of the child. From its beginning, the botany blocks grow with the child. Starting with the plants that need a little more support and care from others, such as lichen clinging to tree branches, and ending with the independent, strong, and unique flower.
Simple to complex, dependence to more freedom, soft and magical to more formed and realistic. It’s all about growing up, and supporting the children to bloom into their best, most colorful and dynamic selves (botany pun intended!)
About the Authors
Robyn Beaufoy is Waldorfish’s CEO, and a course instructor for two of our courses - Waldorf Art for Beginners and Weekly Art Foundations. You’ll find her intuitive touches and influences throughout everything Waldorfish offers! Robyn has been in the world of education for almost 30 years, with an MA in Education and a certification in Waldorf teaching - she also homeschooled both of her children. In 2012 Robyn co-founded Waldorfish.com, creating it with the vision of making Waldorf inspired-art and pedagogy more accessible, joyful, and doable to homeschoolers all over the world.
Caitlin Amajor is Waldorfish’s course instructor for Geometry grades 5 & 6, and Botany, as well as our Administrative Assistant. From a young age, Caitlin has been immersed in Waldorf education, attending a Waldorf school from K-8. After receiving a BA in History, Caitlin gained her certification in Waldorf teaching, and spent seven years as a Waldorf class teacher in the upper grades. With a special fondness for watercolor painting and geometry, Caitlin loves bringing Waldorf education to her students all over the world, and seeing their own individuality and style bloom from the curriculum!
more on the blog…
Tracking The Hour Hand: A Measure of Waldorf Education
It happens every year, and every year it comes as a surprise.
Maybe it’s because it never shows up in quite the same way.
Major growth presents itself.
It’s as if my son truly embodies the grade he is completing.
It makes sense, doesn’t it?
After all, what exactly makes a 1st grader, or a 5th grader or a 10th grader? When do they “become” that? When did you become a parent? During pregnancy, on adoption day, your wedding day, at the moment of your child’s birth? Or was it some other time, when you found yourself able to meet a critical need, like feeding, or providing emotional nurturing when it was called for?
Becoming, or in psychological terms ‘development’, is a mysterious process.
““Each child in every age brings something new into the world from divine regions.””
Little by little, a child is always growing.
A pattern has emerged in our particular family, as I can look back to the end of 4th grade and see that something similar happened. My son starts a school year with an invisible (to him) set of expectations laid out before him like an obstacle course. It is in many ways the job of teachers (including this homeschooling parent) to keep him on track, focused, able to clear fences and maintain a relatively consistent pace. The school year is long, and by February my philosophy about education, especially home education, can be summed up as follows:
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Yet we continue to meet in the homeschool room week after week, on some afternoons studying world history and exploring ways to use a scientific calculator, on others drawing complex geometric figures and discussing the characters and themes in books we have read. Many nights we build a fire in our backyard, set up a telescope, and look at the moon. Every morning we ride our horses and listen to music. Instruments are practiced (almost) daily.
A new phase is always around the corner.
By the middle of May we spend more time outside. Our school days get a little shorter. We start looking back at the terrain we have traveled, and what remains to be studied.
This is when the magic happens.
“In his book, The Education of the Child, Rudolf Steiner states that an individual’s personal development often takes place on two levels. He notes that there is the change that occurs on the surface, quick change, like the movement of a minute hand on a clock...but more significant changes, changes in habit, temperament, and character, in short, changes in human nature, occur like the movement of the hour hand.” -- Jack Petrash, Understanding Waldorf Education: Teaching From The Inside Out
I ask my son to complete an assignment. What at the beginning of the year took 3 separate class sessions, now takes one sitting. Unable to believe that this is happening, I ask for a little extra. The work is completed. I ask for just a little more, perhaps a simple illustration, or further explanation. It is done without comment.
A sample of student work as they discover the life-cycle and ancestry of bees.
And I say to myself, he has crossed the finish line.
For now.
The hope is that he never sees a finish line, forever finding new ways to challenge himself, and grow.
It is a privilege to be part of the process.
About the Author
Cristina Havel lives in Southern California where she and her husband have worked together for nearly 2 decades. They homeschool their son using the Waldorf pedagogy as a guide and believe in the transformative powers of art and nature.
What is Form Drawing?
Form drawing is a cornerstone of Waldorf curriculum in grades 1-4.
I will freely admit to anyone that knows what Waldorf form drawing is that I was terrified to bring it into a homeschool environment.
What, exactly, was encoded in those mysterious lines and shapes? What esoteric wisdom did I need to attain before I could try to impart this practice to my son? Like most things I fear, the answers were not as complicated as I originally thought.
“The child’s capacity to develop an integrated sense for spatial orientation – upwards, downwards; left, right; center, periphery – is supported in the practice of form drawing.”
Form drawing, it turns out, is a brilliant way to work with one’s senses...senses being of great importance in a Waldorf education. Paper and pencil serve as a lantern, illuminating our inner selves, the forms creating a blueprint of our inner (and outer) orientation.
" Rudolf Steiner, in his many lectures on this subject, speaks of twelve senses. Added to the usual five, there is a human sense for rhythm, warmth, balance, movement and so on..."
- The Incarnating Child, pg. 73
Form drawing is a beautiful way to bring color and form together.
Beginning in first grade and extending throughout her time at a Waldorf school, a student engages in drawing exercises that range from very simple to very complex, according to her grade and various topics of study. Straight and curved lines form the foundation for letters in 1stgrade, for Celtic knots in 4th and Geometry in middle school. Over and over, drawing both imparts knowledge and folds it back into oneself.
"Straight lines and curves are the starting points for form drawing. This begins with the discovery that the line is a path along which one can move. Children should experience the characteristic difference between straight lines and curves through drawing them, after having explored their character through whole bodily movement in space."
- The Tasks and Content of the Steiner-Waldorf Curriculum, p.137
Much can be ascertained about the form drawer from this kind of work, and the analytical angle is an important one. There is, however, another important aspect of Form Drawing that should not be overlooked: it’s a lot of fun. As soon as I embraced form drawing as the journey itself (instead of a perfect form being the destination), our weekly work became something to look forward to.
Don't forget to practice!
Forms can and should be returned to time and again for a variety of reasons that will become clear to you as you study, draw, reflect, and repeat. Remember that they are not about achieving anything in particular. Think of them as a friendly guide.
Form drawing is a deep ocean that one could spend an entire lifetime learning to navigate. Don’t let this stop you from jumping in. Buy a book, look up #formdrawing on social media and reach out to people whose ideas are of interest to you, but most importantly pick up a pencil, chalk, stick or block crayon, suspend your judgment, and encourage your child to do the same.
This radical act of trust in the power of art to teach and transform is the lynch pin of Waldorf Education.
Try a Free Form Drawing lesson!
About the Author
Cristina Havel lives in Southern California where she and her husband have worked together for nearly 2 decades. They homeschool their son using the Waldorf pedagogy as a guide and believe in the transformative powers of art and nature.
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